推进两型社会建设 促进城市可持续发展
——在第三届中博会可持续发展市长论坛上的演讲
武汉市市长 阮成发
（2008年4月27日）
女士们，先生们，朋友们：
上午好!
今天，江城武汉，春光明媚，高朋满座。由国家建设部、商务部联合举办，中部六省省会城市人民政府协办的第三届中部博览会可持续发展城市市长论坛隆重开幕了。我谨代表武汉市人民政府，向出席本次论坛的中外嘉宾表示热烈的欢迎！
可持续发展是21世纪人类社会的共同主题，是发展中的城市必须解决的重大课题。本次中博会首次设立市长论坛，并以城市可持续发展为主题，意义十分重大。
我国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足、生态先天脆弱的发展中国家。武汉作为我国传统的老工业基地，产业结构偏重，能源相对短缺，环境压力较大。随着经济快速增长和人口不断增加，缓解资源不足的矛盾，改善生态环境，实现可持续发展，成为我们十分紧迫的任务。
近年来，我们认真贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持实施可持续发展战略，不断加大节能减排工作力度，努力实现又好又快发展。2007年，全市实现生产总值3141亿元，增长15.6％；财政收入634亿元，增长26.2％；固定资产投资1732亿元，增长30.7％；社会消费品零售总额1518亿元，增长17.4％；城市居民人均可支配收入14357元，增长16.2％；农民人均纯收入5371元，增长13.1％；万元生产总值综合能耗下降4.5%；化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别削减4.16%和4.07%。
同时，我们也清醒地看到，我市资源环境面临的形势仍然十分严峻。粗放型经济发展方式尚未根本改变，经济增长的资源环境代价过大。再加上我们正处于工业化和城镇化加快的阶段，国际经验表明，这个阶段正是资源消耗和污染排放强度加大的时期。如果不加大资源节约和环境保护的力度，势必会使资源难以支撑，环境难以容纳，社会难以承受，发展难以持续。转变发展方式，加强资源节约和环境保护，是促进武汉可持续发展的内在要求和必然选择。
去年12月，国家批准武汉城市圈为全国资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设综合配套改革试验区。这是从我国资源环境的基本国情出发做出的一项重大战略举措，希望我们通过改革试验，走出一条有别于传统模式的新型工业化、新型城市化发展道路，为全国“两型社会”建设积累经验、提供借鉴。我们将以此为契机，按照国家的总体要求和部署，积极主动地开展工作，在改革试验中勇当先锋，在创新体制机制上主动作为，在重点领域和关键环节率先突破，力争在以下五个方面走在全国前列。
（一）大力发展循环经济。发展循环经济是节约资源、保护环境的治本之策。我们将以发展循环经济为切入点，加快“两型社会”建设步伐。设立循环经济专项资金，积极创办循环经济研究院和国家级实验室，加快东西湖区和青山区两个国家级循环经济试点园区建设。培育20户循环经济示范企业、100户清洁生产示范企业。加快推进重点行业重点企业节能减排技术改造，强制淘汰落后工艺、落后技术和落后设备。建立垃圾分类收集和处理系统，大力回收和循环利用各种废旧物资。探索建立废旧电池、电器回收系统，积极发展废旧机电产品再制造产业，推进城市垃圾分类处理和资源化利用。发挥武汉环保技术、产业、品牌优势，争取设立以发展循环经济为特色的国家级高新技术开发区，申报建立节能环保与循环经济产业基金，培育一批在国内外具有竞争力的环保企业，形成具有国内领先水平的环保产业群,努力打造国家环保产业之都。
(二)突破性发展高新技术产业。我市科技实力雄厚，拥有普通高校55所，在校大学生、研究生85万人，研发机构800多个，两院院士51名；集聚了14个国家实验室和国家重点实验室，13个国家工程技术研究中心，9个国家级企业研究开发中心。发展高新技术产业是我们的潜力所在，也是我们建设“两型社会”、构筑新型产业体系的主攻方向。我们将深入实施科教兴市战略和人才强市战略，加强区域创新体系建设，积极参与国家重大科技攻关项目，广泛开展国际科技合作，不断增强自主创新能力。以国家级开发区为重点，着力构建10个科技企业孵化器示范基地，建设100个科技企业孵化器和科技创业社区，促进科技成果转化和产业化。加快中芯国际、富士康武汉科技产业园等重点项目建设，巩固提升光通信、移动通讯、激光等优势产业，大力发展生物医药、新能源、集成电路、软件及服务外包等产业，推动经济发展由“要素驱动”向“创新驱动”、“资源依赖”向“科技依托”转变，使武汉成为自主创新密集区、国家创新体系的重要战略支点。
（三）推广普及绿色消费模式。推进“两型社会”建设，必须大力倡导绿色消费，促进生产、生活方式的转变。我们将进一步开展绿色消费教育，引导市民树立绿色消费理念，形成崇尚节约、绿色消费的良好社会风尚。推广能效标识产品、节能节水认证产品、环境标志产品、无公害标志食品等绿色标志产品，扩大绿色产品消费。延长产品使用周期，提高易耗品的重复利用率，促进产品包装的减量化和再利用。加快能源结构调整与优化，重点推进太阳能、地热能、沼气、生物质能利用的科研、开发和建设。加快电动汽车开发，推广双燃料环保公交车和混合动力汽车，公共交通车辆清洁燃料使用率达到80%以上。广泛采用高效节电照明产品，全市高效节能灯具应用率及高光效、长寿命光源应用率均达到85%以上。在新建小区普遍推广使用太阳能热水器、太阳能路灯。积极推进建筑节能改造。新建筑严格实施节能50%的设计标准。大力发展农户沼气和大中型畜禽养殖场沼气，农村沼气普及率达到35%以上。加强“两型家庭”、“两型社区”、“两型机关”建设，力争“十一五”期间符合“两型社会”要求的家庭、社区、单位达到80%。
（四）节约集约利用土地资源。土地是重要的生产要素。处理好保护与利用、保护与发展的关系，探索节约集约用地的发展新模式，既是“两型”社会建设的内在要求，也是我市改革试验需要突破的重点领域。我们将实行最严格的土地管理制度，建立可持续发展的用地机制。编制全市土地利用总体规划方案，制定建设用地控制标准体系，明确建设用地控制指标和用地目录。建立按投资强度和产出水平核定用地规模的制度，加强项目用地预审和后评估，优先保障重点建设项目用地。加快老商业区、老工业区和城中村改造，合理开发和利用城市地下空间，盘活存量土地资源。开展城镇建设用地扩大与农村建设用地减少挂钩试点，有序推进农村迁村腾地，探索耕地占补平衡的有效途径。建立农村土地经营权流转交易平台，推进集体建设用地使用权合理流转。
（五）加强水环境保护和治理。武汉两江交汇、湖泊众多，水域占全市总面积的25%以上，水资源优势突出，水环境污染也比较严重。保护好武汉的水资源、水生态和水环境，建设好武汉的水景观，彰显武汉两江交汇、“百湖之市”的滨江滨湖特色，是武汉“两型社会”建设的重要标志和魅力所在。我们将坚持生态优先的原则,加快实施“清水入湖”、生态水网构建与修复、污水处理设施建设、主城滨江滨渠地区综合治理、水土保持生态环境建设、自然湿地及水利保护等六大工程，探索建立水生态系统监测评价体系和长效管理机制，搭建水生态环境建设投融资平台，加快推进武汉国家级水生态系统保护与修复试点工作，恢复优良水体，改善水环境，努力建设具有滨江滨湖特色的宜居城市。
推进“两型社会”建设，必须充分发挥市场的作用，综合运用经济、行政、法律等手段，加快形成有利于资源节约环境保护的体制机制和良好环境。我们将抓住建设综合配套改革试验区的机遇，解放思想，大胆探索，不断健全法规体系、政策体系和服务体系，为“两型社会”建设提供制度保障。
女士们、先生们：
推进“两型社会”建设、促进城市可持续发展，是一项长期而艰巨的任务，也是一项复杂的系统工程。我们希望通过举办本次市长论坛，学习借鉴国内外城市的成功经验和做法，开阔眼界，拓展思路，增进合作，为促进城市可持续发展作出我们应有的贡献。
谢谢大家。
Advance Two-oriented Society Construction and Promote Urban Sustainable Development
——Speech at Mayors Forum on Sustainable Development in Expo Central China 2008
Ruan Chengfa Mayor of Wuhan
(April 27, 2008 Draft to Be Approved)
Good morning, distinguished leaders, guests, ladies and gentlemen,
Today, Wuhan，the river city welcomes a party of distinguished friends in bright Spring. Mayors Forum on Sustainable Development in Expo Central China 2008 jointly sponsored by national Ministry of Construction and Ministry of Commerce and co-sponsored by People’s Governments of capital cities of six central provinces of China ceremoniously opens.On behalf of the Communist Party of China Wuhan Committee and Wuhan Municipal People’s Government, I would like to express a warm welcome to both domestic and oversea guests who attend this forum.
Wuhan is the capital city of Hubei Province and is an important metropolis in Central China. The whole city covers a land area of 8,494square kilometers and accommodates 8,91 million residents with 13 administration districts, 2 national-level development zones and 1 national-level landscape area. In recent years, under the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee, State Department, Hubei Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government and under the strong help and support of various departments committee of central authorities and fellow cities, the economic and social development of Wuhan has driven into expressway and urban comprehensive strength and people’s living conditions are remarkably raised. In 2007, the whole city achieved a GDP of 314.1 billion Yuan, a fiscal revenue of 63.4 billion Yuan, a fixed capital investment of 173.2 billion Yuan, total retail sales of consumer goods of 151.8 billion Yuan, per capita disposable income of urban residents of 14,357 Yuan and per capita net income of farmers of 5,371 Yuan. Wuhan takes the lead in entering into the list of 300-billion-Yuan plus Cities Club in central China.
It is the very first time that Expo Central China stages mayors’ forum on the theme of sustainable development, which is of great significance.
Our country is a developing country burdened with large population, comparatively deficient resources and congenitally weak ecological environment. As a traditional old industry base in our country, Wuhan has heavy industrial structure, comparatively deficient energy and great environment pressure. With the fast growth of economy and continuous increase of population, relieving conflict of deficient resources, improving ecological environment and achieving sustainable development have now become our urgent tasks.
In recent years, we have proactively performed scientific outlook on development, persisted in implementing sustainable development strategy, continuously stepped up our efforts on energy saving and emission reduction and made great endeavor to construct a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. In 2007, comprehensive energy consumption of gross production with ten thousands Yuan in our city decreased by 4.5%, from comprehensive energy consumption of gross production with ten thousands Yuan of 1.33t standard coal in 2006 to 1.27t standard coal. Pollutants discharge reduction has obtained effect; chemical oxygen demand and discharge amount of sulfur dioxide were reduced by 4.16% and 4.07% respectively, compared with amount in last year.
However, we are meanwhile well aware of the severe situation facing our city in resources and environment. Extensive economic development mode remains unchanged in nature and the resource and environment expenses for economic growth is too costly. Moreover, we are still in the period of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. International experience indicates that this period is characteristic of increasing energy consumption and pollutants emission. If efforts on resource saving and environmental protection are not strengthened, resources are bound to be difficult to support, environment difficult to contain, society difficult to bear and development difficult to last. To transform the development mode, strengthen resource saving and environmental protection and accelerate construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is an inherent requirement and must for promoting a sustainable development of Wuhan.
On December 14, 2007, the country approved Wuhan City Circle as an experimental zone for comprehensive supporting reform on building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. It is an important strategic step taken by the country given the basic situation of our national resources and environment. We will actively perform work, be bold in working as pioneers during the reform and experimentation, take the initiative in making achievements on system and mechanism innovation and attain break-throughs in important fields and key links in light of the national overall requirement and disposition. Relying on reform and experimentation, we will be able to accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, take a new-type industrialization and urbanization approach different from traditional modes and accumulate experience and provide references for a two-oriented social construction in the whole country.
(1) Vigorously develop circular economy. The Development of circular economy is a vital strategy for resource conservation and environmental protection. We will take the development of circular economy as a breakthrough and accelerate a two-oriented society construction. To attain the goal, we will earnestly perform the jobs as below: to set up research institutes for circular economy and national laboratories; to establish special funds for circular economy; to build 20 municipal pilot enterprises for circular economy and 100 sample enterprises for clean production; to well construct two national-level pilot parks for circular economy in Dongxihu District and Qingshan District and construct 5 municipal pilot parks for circular economy; to set up rubbish classifying collection and processing system, and enforce reclaimation and recycling utilization of various waste materials； to probe into setting up reclaiming system for waste batteries and electrical appliances; to actively develop reproducing industries for waste electromechanical products; to fully capitalize on the advantages in environmental protection technology, pillar industres and renowned brands in Wuhan; to strive for the establishment of a national energy-saving and environmental protection hi-tech development zone in Wuhan; to develop and expand a number of domestically and internationally competitive environmental protection enterprises like Kaidi Electric Power in an effort to form an environmental protection industries group with the state-of-the-art technolgicial know-how in China and energetically construct the capital for national environmental protection industries and make every effort to list the city in the forefront nationwide on the development of circular economy.
(2) Resolutely eliminate backward production capacity. As one of the national six top old industry bases, Wuhan is facing the arduous task of eliminating backward production capacity, reconstructing and upgrading traditional industries. We will map out and implement a plan for eliminating backward production capacity by year and industry, define backward production capacity eliminating deadline, eliminating mode and requirement, eliminate backward production capacity of electric power, steel and iron, construction material, paper making and other industries through deadline imposition, improve and implement special control measurements of small concrete plants, small thermal power plants and small paper making enterprises, take the lead in shutting down small concrete enterprises with annual production capacity below 200, 000 tons and failing to meet environmental protection requirement, close up coal fired power plants with unit capacity below 50,000 kw, plants with unit capacity below 100,000kw but 20 years plus operation period and plants with unit capacity less than 200,000 kw but in excess of the design service life, close up paper making enterprises with 20,000-ton minus annual production capacity and unqualified environmental protection, speed up the energy-saving and emission-reducing technology upgrade of key industries and key enterprises and forcibly eliminate the out-of-date technique, technology and equipments in a bid to walk in the forefront in our elimination of the backward production capacity.
(3) Make breakthroughs hi-technology industries development . Our city is strong in science and technology with 55 colleges and universities, 850,000 college students and postgraduate students, more than 800 research and development institutions, 51 academicians from Chinese Academy of Engineering and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 14 national laboratories and national key laboratories, 13 national engineering and technology research centers and 9 national enterprise research and development centers. The development of hi-tech industries is where our potential lies and the main direction for our constructing a two-oriented society and establishing a new-type industrial system. We will conduct an in-depth implementation of the strategy of revitalizing the city through science and education and thriving the city through talents, take national development zone as key, powerfully establish 10 large pilot bases for science and technology enterprise incubation, construct 100 science and technology enterprise incubators and technology entrepreneurship communities, promote transform of science and technology achievements, accelerate construction of Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, Foxconn Wuhan Science and Technology Industry Park and other key projects, consolidate and promote optical communication, mobile communication, laser and other advantage industries, powerfully develop bio-pharmaceutical, new energy, integrate circuit, software, service outsourcing and other industries, actively participate in national major scientific and technical brainstorm stress projects, widely develop international science and technology cooperation, continuously enhance self-innovation capacity, promote economic development transform from factor driving to innovation driving and from resource depending to science and technology relying and make Wuhan become important strategy points for self-innovation compact area and national innovation system.
(4) Save and intensively utilize land resources. Land is an important production factor. To well deal with relation between protection and utilization and between protection and development and probe into development new mode for saving and intensively utilizing land is not only internal requirement for a two-oriented society construction and but also important filed required for breakthroughs in reform and experimentation in our city. We will perform the severest land administration system and establish scientific land utilization organism for sustainable development, accelerate reconstruction of old business zones, old industry zones and village-in-city, properly develop and utilize urban underground space and dispose potential land resource, compile general layout scheme for land utilization of the whole city, establish control standard system for construction land, definite control indicator of construction land and land utilization catalogue, establish system for assessing land utilization scale according to investment strength and output level, strengthen preliminary examination and post-evaluation of land used for project and take priority in ensuring land used for key construction projects, strengthen land purchase, conservation and consolidation, set up uniform land conservation system and supply platform of the whole city, innovate rural collectively-owned land administration system and set up rural land transfer center and promote use right transfer of rural land used for collective construction.
(5) Strengthen water environment protection and control. Wuhan is located at the confluence point of two rivers and blessed with many lakes. Its water area occupies takes up more than 25% of the city territory. It has an outstanding water resource advantage yet a considerably serious water environment pollution. To well protect water resource, water ecology and water environment in Wuhan, well construct water sceneries in Wuhan and display riverside and lakeside characteristic of two-river crossing in Wuhan and city with hundreds of lakes are important symbol and charming part for two-oriented society construction in Wuhan. We will persist in principle of ecological priority; accelerate implementation of six great projects, i.e.: clean water flowing into lake, establishment and restoration of ecological water network, construction of sewage treatment facilities, comprehensive control of riverside and channelside area in main cit, construction of water and soil conservation ecological environment and natural wetland and water conservancy protection; probe into establishing long-term effective administration organism for water ecological system and monitoring and assessing system for water ecological system; accelerate advancement of trial sites for national water ecological system protection and restoration in Wuhan; increase treatment level of living sewage and industry waste water; restore good water quality; improve water environment; establish riverside and lakeside ecological water network and strive for entering into the national leading place on water environment protection and control.
(6) Promote and popularize green consumption mode. To advance a two-oriented society construction, we must powerfully propose green consumption and promote production mode transform. We will further develop green consumption education, foster a green consumption concept among our citizens, increase reusing rate of consumable goods, prolong use period of products, promote reduction and reuse of enterprise products packaging, form a good social fashion for advocating saving and green consumptionm, enhance green products consumption, promote energy efficiency labeling products, energy saving and water saving certification products, environment labeling products, pollution-free labeling food and other green labeling products, accelerate adjustment and optimization of energy structure, give priority to promoting scientific research, development and construction of solar energy, geothermal energy, marsh gas and biomass energy utilization, promote clean fuel automobiles, accelerate electric automobiles development and promote double-fuel environmental protection public traffic vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to attain a 80% or even higher using rate of clean fuel for public traffic vehicles, widely adopt high efficiency and power saving illumination products. All application rate of high efficiency and energy saving lighting fittings and application of high light efficiency and long life light source in the whole city is up to 85%. We will widely promote use of solar water heaters and solar street lights in newly-built residents blocks and actively advance energy saving reconstruction of current buildings. New buildings shall strictly follow the design standard of energy saving by 50%. Great efforts will be made to vigorously develop farmer household marsh gas and large and middle livestock and poultry breeding farm marsh gas projects. Popularization rate of marsh gas in the rural district is up to 35%. We will powerfully advance construction of two-oriented families, two-oriented communities and two-oriented official units and make 80% of the families, communities and official units meet the requirement of a two-oriented society during the period of Eleventh Five -year Plan.
(7) Innovate organism and system of a two-oriented society construction. To advance a two-oriented society construction, we must fully exert market organism and government adjustment and control functions, establish a sound organism and system targeting at resource-saving and environment-friendly promotion by means of financial tax, investment, credit, consumption increase, government procurement and other measurements,. We will seize opportunities of the experimental zone construction for a comprehensive supporting reform, further enlarge trial site for value-added tax reform, actively promote resource and energy use charging system reform and probe into establishing a biological tax system and biological compensation organism. Enterprises which develop, research and use renewable resource, environment protection technology equipment and energy saving and emission reducing and enterprises which utilize excess heat and excess pressure for generating electricity and utilize waste gas, waste water and waste residue for continuous production will be granted appropriate value-added tax relief. Energy-saving and environmental protection equipments manufacturing enterprises, energy-saving and environmental protection scientific service enterprises and energy-saving and environmental protection technology application enterprises which are engaged in environmental protection and energy -saving and water-saving projects will be granted reductions or exemptions of enterprise income tax for both projects operation and technology tranfer. Enterprisesthat comply with the conditions of the circular economy will be entitled to reductions or exemptions of enterprise income tax.
We will learn from the pollutant discharge indicator marketization modes established by developed countries for a control of gross pollutants, define business operators’ pollutant emission targets andestablish a emissions trading system. We will explore the building of an investment and financing mechanism conducive to the establishment of a "two-oriented society," and actively seek the establishment of the environmental protection industry investment funds and provide due financial support.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Sustainable development is the common theme of mankind in the 21st century and a major issue that develoing cities have to address. We would like to further increase our communication and cooperation on conducting policies research, advancing pilot projects, promoting economic and trade exchanges, etc. with fellow cities and make our due contribution to promote urban sustainable development.
Thank you.
