在发展中加强环境保护 以环境保护促进经济社会发展
安徽省合肥市人民政府市长 吴存荣
近年来，合肥在加快发展中加强环境保护，以环境保护促进经济社会发展，实现两者的协调统一和可持续发展，主要进行了以下尝试和探索。
一、优化城市功能布局，从源头控制污染
作为全国首个科技创新型试点市，合肥市的产业结构较为合理，重化工项目较少。合肥把现代制造业、高新技术和现代服务业作为发展重点，促进产业发展符合环境功能区要求。同时，我们将环境保护纳入综合决策；在项目引进上，我们注意培育和引进低污染、低能耗、科技含量高的项目。
二、加强环境基础设施建设，综合治理水污染
治理水环境、促进巢湖水质改善是合肥市城市环境治理工作的重中之重。我们把环保工程项目建设放在突出位置，并纳入城市规划建设大局中统一谋划、优先安排。
1、加快城市污水处理设施建设步伐。上世纪90年代以来，我们先后建成了7座污水处理厂，目前污水处理总规模达到58万吨/日，城市污水处理率70％以上。 2008年，计划投入32亿元，启动20项水环境处理重大工程，力争三年后，合肥污水处理能力将由目前的70％提高到90％以上。在污水处理厂建设方式上，采取BOT方式建厂、政府投资建设管网的模式，吸引国内外大型水务公司参与市场竞争。
2、综合整治城市河道。近年来，我们先后对城市主要河道进行了综合治理，其中环城水系综合治理工程、芜湖路改造工程分别获得2004年和2007年中国人居环境范例奖。合肥建立了城市河道生态补水机制，2006年以来，先后5次向南淝河及十五里河补水1400万方，有效地缓解了城市河道水环境质量。
3、狠抓城市工业污染防治。通过监察监测联动，加密监督性监测，大力查处了偷排及超标排污的企业，关停、改造或淘汰了一批重污染的项目，全市80％以上工业企业废水处理设施得到了更新和完善，目前，全市工业废水达标排放率超过95％。
三、推进节能减排，增强工业经济发展的内涵
1、凭借独特的科教资源优势，大力推进发展高新技术产业。合肥有包括中国科技大学在内高等院校51所，有中科院物质研究院等科研院所200多个，2004年11月成为全国唯一的科技创新型试点市。科技优势促进了我市工业产业结构优化升级，高新技术产业成为我市经济发展的重要一极。2007年，全市高新技术产业增加值达到236亿元，占全市GDP18%，在华东和中部地区名列第一。
2、认真落实节能减排措施，加快推进循环经济和清洁生产。确定了钢铁、化工等5个行业18家减排重点企业，19个循环经济试点项目，8个清洁生产审核项目，使全市所有重点排污企业纳入节能减排的范围，对节能减排任务实行目标责任考核，确保按期完成。同时，还大力淘汰落实生产能力。
四、综合整治城市环境，促进人居环境和谐
为推进城市环境综合整治，开展减少职能交叉改革，大力推行相对集中行政处罚权，成立城市综合管理执法机构，统一行使城建、园林、绿化、环保等相关方面的行政处罚权。
1、大力开展噪音污染整治。一方面，严格实施建筑工地噪音污染申报审批制度，减少随意排放行为。另一方面，对工业企业噪音进行整治。
2、积极开展机动车尾气治理。强力推动机动车“油改气”工作，全市24.7％出租车、30.4%公交车开始推广使用压缩天然气。城市空气环境质量总体呈现好转的趋势，每年空气质量优良天数在300天以上，2006年达到330天。
3、加强危险废物处置和管理。2003年投资近千万元建成了日处理能力8吨的合肥市危险废物处置中心一期工程，处置面覆盖100多家医疗机构。总投资1.2亿元、日处理能力2.11万吨的合肥市危险废物处置中心二期工程，即将开工建设。
五、加强园林绿化和生态建设，实施大拆违和城区改造
合肥倾力打造绿色合肥、生态合肥。荣获了国家首批园林城市，构建形成了“城在园中，园在城中，城园交融，浑然一体”的独特城市园林风貌。截至2007年底，合肥城市建成区绿地率达到34.5%，绿化覆盖率达到39.5%，人均公共绿地面积10.15平方米，力争到2010年城市建成区绿地率达38%，绿化覆盖率达40%，人均公共绿地达到12平方米。
为加强城市生态环境建设，目前正在着手开展空间景观净化、建筑立面美化、道路景观绿化、城市夜景亮化、道路两侧城中村和危旧房改造等工程建设，努力改善城市形象，提高城市文化品位，为市民提供良好的生活环境。
合肥快速发展的实践告诉我们：建设现代化大城市必须树立正确的城市发展观，集中到一点，那就是城市发展必须坚持可持续发展战略，实现可持续发展必须要加强环境治理和生态保护。具体来说，首先，要转变经济发展方式。其次，要完善城市功能区划。第三，要加强城市基础设施的建设和运行管理。第四，要加强城市环境风险的控制。
Enhance environment protection during development and promote economic & social development by environment protection
Mayor of Hefei municipal government, Anhui province
Wu cunrong
Hefei city has realized harmonization and continuable development since recent years by means of enhancing environment protection and promoting economic &social development through environment protection and, for which we have perform the following attempt and exploration.
A. Optimize urban functional layout and control pollution at sources.
As experimental city of science & technology innovation, industry structure is rational and less heavy-chemical industries are available in Hefei city. Hefei city takes modern manufacturing, high &new technology and modern service industry as emphasis of development to promote industry development and to conform to requirement of functional area. Meanwhile we bring environment protection into the orbit of comprehensive decision. We pay attention to cultivate and to introduce low-pollution, low energy-consumption and high technology-content projects during project introduction.
B Reinforce construction of environment infrastructure and perform comprehensive administration of water pollution
To administrate water environment and to promote water quality in Chaohu Lake is the emphasis in Hefei urban environment administration work. We place project construction of environment protection on prominent position and bring it into the orbit of urban planning layout to plan uniformly and to arrange it preferentially.
1. Quicken construction speed of facilities for urban sewage treatment.
We have established 7 sewage treatment plants since 90’s of last century. Presently total scale of sewage treatment is up to 580,000 ton/day and urban sewage treatment rate is up to 70%. We plan to invest 3,200,000,000 yuan to initiate 20 items of large-scale projects for water environment treatment in 2008. We strive to increase sewage treatment capacity in Hefei city from 70% to above 90%. We intends to adopt mode of establishing plants by means of BOT and building pipeline by means of municipal investment as sewage treatment construction mode so as to attract large-scale water company to involve in market competition.
2 Renovate urban roads
We have performed comprehensive administration of main urban rivers since recent years, among which comprehensive administration project of city-round water system and reconstruction project of Wuhu Road has achieved China credential award of Resident ial environment respectively in 2004 and 2007. Hefei city has established ecological water-supply system for urban river channel. It has supplemented 14,000,000m3 water for Nanfeihe River and Shiwulihe River so that water quality in urban river channel has been relieved effectively.
3.Reinforce prevention &treatment of urban industry pollution.
We Investigate and punish enterprises which drain sewage by stealth and above-norm drain sewage by combining of supervising and monitoring and by condensing surveillant monitoring and shut down, modify or wash out one batch of heavy-pollution projects. More than 80% wastewater treatment facilities in industry enterprises in the whole city have been refreshed and perfected. Presently, standard-conforming discharge of wastewater in the whole city exceeds 90%.
C. Promote energy-saving & drainage-decreasing and improve intension of industrial and economic development.
1. Promote development of high &new technological industries energetically by means of unique advantage of science and education resources.
There are 51 higher colleges including China University Of Technology and over 200 research institutes including physical research institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei city. It became the only experimental city of science & technology innovation in Nov. 2004. Science & technology advantage has promoted optimizing and updating of industrial structure and high &new technological industry has become the critical element of economic development in our city. Increase value of High &new technological industries in the whole city have reached 23,600,000,000yuan in 2007, which accounts for 18% of GDP in the whole city and is ranked in the first place in east and middle area of China.
2. Carry out energy-saving and drainage-decreasing measures carefully and quicken &promote recycling economy and clean production.
We define 18 major enterprises in 5 professions such as steel and chemical industry, 19 experimental projects of recycling economy and 8 approval projects of clean production in order that all major sewage-draining enterprises in the whole city can be brought into energy-saving and drainage-decreasing scope. We ensure it to be completed duly by means of carrying out examining objective responsibility of energy-saving and drainage-decreasing task. Meanwhile we wash out out-of-date production capacity energetically.
D. Comprehensively administrate urban environment and improve harmonization of resident environment.
Initiate reformation of decreasing function crossing, execute administrative punishment right that is relatively centralized, establish urban comprehensive administration and Law- Enforcement Authority exerts administrative punishment such as urban construction, garden, greening and environment protection in order to promote comprehensive administration of urban environment.
1. Carry out administration and treatment of noise pollution energetically.
On the one hand strictly carry out submission and approval system of noise pollution in construction sites and decrease randomly drainage and on the other hand administrate and treat noise in industrial enterprises comprehensively.
2、Carry out off-gas administration of automobiles actively.
Promote “conversion from oil to gas” work of automobiles. 24.7% taxis and 30.4% buses in the whole city start to use compressed gas. Urban air quality represents improved tendency in general. It has 300 days with high-quality air annually and 330 days in 2006.
3.Enhance disposal and administration of dangerous waste materials.
We invested about 10 million yuan in 2003 to establish Period 1 project of Hefei dangerous-waste disposal center which disposal scope covers more than 100 medical authorities. Period 2 of Hefei dangerous-waste disposal center which daily treatment capacity is up to 21.1 ton will start.
G. Reinforce garden-greening and ecological construction and carry out large-scale demolishment of unauthorized buildings and modification in urban region.
Hefei strives to establish green and ecological city. It has achieved first batch of garden-type cities and forms the unique feature of the city, i.e., parks in the city and city in the parks. By 2007, Rate of green area in constructed region of Hefei city is up to 34.5%, rate of greening coverage is up to 39.5% and average public green area per person is up to 10.15m2. We try to realize that Rate of green area in constructed region reach 38%, rate of greening coverage is up to 40% and average public green area per person is up to 12m2 by 2010.
In order to enforce urban ecological environment construction, we set about to develop construction of projects such as purification of spatial landscape, urban night-view lightening and modification of villages in city along both sides of roads and dangerous & old premises so as to meliorate urban appearance, improve urban cultural grade and provide good living environment for citizens.
From Practice of rapid development in Hefei city, we know that correct urban development conception should be built up in order to establish modernizing large-scale city. By summarizing, we draw the conclusion that urban development must insist on continuable development strategy and realization of continuable development must depend on enhancement of environment administration and ecological protection. Its detailed procedures is as follows:
Firstly convert economical development mode.
Secondly perfect urban division of functional areas.
Thirdly enhance construction of urban infrastructure and operational administration.
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Fourthly enhance control of urban environment risk.
