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| 美国匹兹堡市长代表安德鲁.马希奇先生演讲 |
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美国匹兹堡市长代表安德鲁.马希奇先生演讲
美国匹兹堡市长代表安德鲁.马希奇先生演讲
美国匹兹堡市市长代表
安德鲁(ANDREW MASICH)先生在中博会市长论坛上的致辞
2008年4月27日
尊敬的阮市长及各位来宾。我非常荣幸能代表Luke Ravenstahl市长来到匹兹堡的友好城市--武汉， 市长让我转达他对无法参加中博会的歉意。因为即将来临的总统选举，他接到了命令而不得不留在美国。
作为历史学家，我非常高兴来到这里-因为世界上没有任何一个国家的文化遗产比中国的丰富。几千年来，勤勉和富有创造性的中国人民为世界科学和艺术做出了重要贡献。
尽管在文化上有很多不同，但是武汉和其友好城市-匹兹堡还是有很多共同的地方。两市都有一段工业历史和“我做得到”的精神。两市还有着丰富的改革传统。比起中国的悠久历史和辉煌成绩来，匹兹堡对世界的贡献似乎略显逊色，但是在我市进入250周年纪念日之际，请允许我向您介绍您的友好城市。
16,000年前，冰河世纪时，冰川覆盖了大面积的北美地区，探寻者从亚洲来到了我们的大陆。事实上，在美国最古老的人类居住地就在离匹兹堡市区30公里的地方。第一批美国人发现且现存的动物有：毛象和剑齿猫，他们栖息于突出的岩石下和洞穴内。
多年后，在1750年，美国印第安人后裔接受了法国和英国贸易者。这三大帝国通过战争争夺对美国的控制权，这次战争于1754年在匹兹堡附近爆发—年轻的华盛顿打响了独立的第一枪并最后使美国从英国多年的统治中独立出来。
和武汉一样，匹兹堡是一座江城—有三条江，分别是莫农加希拉河，阿利根尼河和俄亥俄河，这三条河构成了美国的“西部通道”—就如同武汉是中国广阔大陆的通道一样。
在1803年，探险家Lewis和Clark开始了他们从大西洋跨过太平洋寻找美洲大陆的旅程—希望能寻找到水路到达中国。在1800年，有胆识的匹兹堡人出版了William McGuffey的读者，这成为了标准的教学工具，并于1840年建成了美国第一所商业学院。
发明了缆绳，这使得建造吊桥成为可能（包括布鲁克林桥）。
德雷克井成为世界上第一处商业油井，匹兹堡人开始第一次生产精炼油。
在美国内战时期，Fort Pitt铸造厂造起了世界上最大的大炮并建造了第一艘装甲战舰。
John Arbuckle包装了第一袋磨好的咖啡。
在1870年，铁路列车使用Westinghouse生产的气闸安全刹车，而且Westinghouse的员工也是第一次在周六休息（仅半天）。
George Westinghouse造出了交流电电灯并第一次造出了电表，从而告诉我们该付多少电费。
在匹兹堡位于历史中心附近的“带区”，美国（Alcoa）铝业公司开始制铝。
Andrew Carnegie在Braddock建造了他的第一处公共图书馆，在北边产生了职业足球-- Pudge Heffelfinger在1892年成为第一个职业足球员。
匹兹堡工程师George Ferris为芝加哥1893哥伦比亚博览会建造了巨型旋转车轮试图超越埃菲尔铁塔。
H. J. Heinz打开了调味蕃茄酱的销路，这灵感来源于中国的调味酱和其它的包装食品。
匹兹堡海盗队于1903年第一次主办了世界职业棒球大赛。
一位匹兹堡人发明了有名的餐后甜点，香蕉船。另一位则建造了第一座电影院和第一座加油站。
在1909年，富比士球场成为世界上第一座钢筋混凝土体育场。
在1919年，从卡内基梅隆大学（9卡内基专门技术学校）毕业了第一位哲学博士；一位中国来自中国江苏省的土建工程师，名叫茅以升。
匹兹堡为驾车者印制了第一份道路地图，匹兹堡人第一次听到了留声机的无线电广播，KADA—第一个商业电台—播报了第一次总统选举，第一次棒球比赛和第一次教会仪式。
在1924年，“自由隧道”被称为是世界上最长的人工通风汽车隧道。
接下来的一年，匹兹堡的罗杰斯驾驶他的飞机（赖特飞行员）跨海岸飞行—历史上第一次横贯大陆的飞行。
匹兹堡大学的学习礼堂是第一处大学摩天楼。
Isaly于1929年引进Klondike bar（美国著名的冰淇淋店），在1930年，生产商不能获得足够的新型“阿利格尼金属”—也被称作不锈钢。
Chatham村成为第一处低成本规划社区，在1937年Kenny Clarke开创了比博普爵士乐。
匹兹堡人发明了Zippo打火机，白雪溜冰团和吉普车—所有这些都是美国原创。
在第二次世界大战期间，匹兹堡生产了上百万吨钢材和武器，帮助美国及其联盟在亚洲和太平洋战场上打败日本人。
在1950年，Jonas Salk在这里开发了他的小儿麻痹症疫苗，美国（Alcoa）铝业公司建造了第一座铝业高楼大厦，在1954年，WQED成为了第一个拥有教育电视 台的社区—有深受喜欢的少儿节目，罗杰斯先生的邻居。
第一艘核潜艇和第一座核电厂在城市建成200周年纪念之际于1958年落成。（武汉，当然是制造第一艘中国核潜艇之乡）。
城市竞技场，也是世界上第一处可伸缩的半球形体育场，被用来纪念200周年纪念日活动。
匹兹堡于1962年第一次引进了易拉罐式的新型罐装饮料，并于随后几年引进了麦当劳的新款“巨无霸”产品。
匹兹堡人预制并架起了不锈钢圣路易斯“拱门”。
第一个紧急医疗技师课程（EMT）也是从这里开始的。
世界上第一次高空芭蕾舞也是在匹兹堡的三条河上演出。
随着1962年《寂静的春天》这本书的出版，Rachel Carson发动了现代环境保护运动，匹兹堡创立了清洁空气法案。
匹兹堡于1970年发明了世界上第一台电视电话，而且Yuk先生（保护小孩远离污染）也出生在这里。
卡内基梅隆大学成立了世界上第一所机器人技术学院，并在1980年，emoticon图释（匹兹堡革新）开始在因特网上流行。
到1980年，匹兹堡大学医疗中心（UPMC）的医生率先在去心脏纤颤和器官移植领域进行尝试，包括首次同步进行心脏/肝脏/肾移植。现在，世界上30%的移植手术都是在匹兹堡进行的，并且有很多的中国研究人员在匹兹堡工作。
中国人在几个世纪前发明了焰火，但是匹兹堡的Zambelli焰火厂第一次使用电脑控制焰火表演。
在1992年，匹兹堡命名了“机器人Rx”—第一个自动发药机，在2002年“Grace”成为第一个有具备交际技巧的机器人。
取得的医疗成就使得心脏手术，活性隐形眼镜甚至眼盲修复设备的研究都成为可能。
匹兹堡不再是一座烟雾缭绕的工业城市，当大卫?劳伦斯会议中心作为能源和环境设计（LEED）注册的标志性建筑出现时这里便成为了美国绿化最好的城市— 在这座未来派的建筑中，墙壁的建造还融入了中国技术。
铁都Beer引进了隔热的铝制瓶子，匹兹堡的科学家开创了纳米技术。
在2004年，研究者们首次使用3-D蛋白质薄片修复活组织。
现在，匹兹堡的科学家和外科医生正在对遗传学，脑外科，偷袭和器官移植领域进行医学研究，而卡内基美隆大学（CMU）的机器人能在其它星球上发现生命并在毫无足迹的沙漠上行走。
在工业革命期间，匹兹堡无论在观念上还是资金上，都是重要的制造业中心。但是在1980年，宾夕法尼亚州西部经历了一段艰难的时期，因为钢制造业和其它传统工业衰落了。这个地区重新依靠自己加强开发清洁产业—材料科学，医学，机器人技术，纳米技术，信息技术（IT），电子光学，备选能源和金融服务。值得一提的是，今年来对中国的出口增长了15%，中国成为了匹兹堡第四大商品和服务出口市场。 就在上周，Westinghouse声称要在中国建造新型核电厂。现在，匹兹堡因其丰富的艺术和文化而闻名，文化旅游产业成为了税收和值得骄傲的主要来源。
匹兹堡不再是过去的“烟城”，而是现在美国绿化最好的城市。现在匹兹堡着重强调“生活品质”。近来，跟被称为是“美国最适宜居住的城市”。有超过5000的生产商落户匹兹堡，雇佣了几十万的员工，打造“绿色”经济。
和中国丰富的历史相比，匹兹堡的历史略显苍白，但是在我们的城市进入250周年纪念之际，我们非常荣幸和贵市分享我们的过去，也非常高兴来到中国学习，并未创造更美好的未来奋斗。
DRAFT
ANDREW MASICH
CHINA EXPO PRESENTATION
APRIL 27, 2008
I am honored to be here in Wuhan, Pittsburgh’s Sister City, representing Mayor Luke Ravenstahl, who asked me to extend his apologies and sincere regret for not being able to attend the Central China Expo. Because of the upcoming presidential election he received party orders that he must remain in the United States.
As an historian I am delighted to be here—for there is no nation on earth with a richer cultural heritage than China. For thousands of years industrious and creative people from China have made significant contributions to the world of science and art.
While there are many cultural differences, Wuhan and its sister city Pittsburgh have much in common. Both cities share a history of industry and a “can-do” spirit. Both cities share a rich tradition of innovation. Compared to China’s long history and great achievement, Pittsburgh’s contributions to the world seem modest, but as our city is celebrating its 250th anniversary this year and I hope you will permit me the honor of telling you about your sister city.
Some 16,000 years ago, during the Ice Age when glaciers covered much of North America, hunters came from Asia to our continent. In fact, the oldest site of human habitation in the America’s is located just thirty miles from downtown Pittsburgh. Those first Americans hunted now extinct animals: wooly mammoths and saber toothed cats, and sheltered themselves in rock overhangs and caves.
Many years later, in the 1750s, their American Indian descendants greeted French and British traders. The three empires struggled for control of America in a war that began near Pittsburgh in 1754—young George Washington fired the first shots that eventually ended in American independence from Britain decades later.
Like Wuhan, Pittsburgh is a river city—three rivers, the Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio converge at Pittsburgh which became the “Gateway to the West”—much as Wuhan is a gateway to China’s vast interior.
In 1803 explorers Lewis & Clark began their journey to discover America from Atlantic to Pacific—in hope of finding a water route to China. In the 1800’s enterprising Pittsburghers published William McGuffey’s Reader which became a standard teaching tool and opened America’s first Business College in 1840.
John Roebling invented wire cable that made suspension bridges (including the Brooklyn Bridge) possible.
The Drake Well became the world’s first commercial oil well and Pittsburghers were the first to produce refined petroleum.
During the American Civil War, Fort Pitt Foundry cast the world’s biggest cannon and constructed the first ironclad war ships.
John Arbuckle packaged the first ground coffee.
In the 1870’s, railroad trains safely stopped using Westinghouse air brakes and Westinghouse employees were the first to get time off on Saturday (only a half day).
George Westinghouse made electric lighting possible with alternating current and the first electric meter told us how much to pay.
In Pittsburgh’s “Strip District,” very near our History Center, the Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) started making aluminum.
Andrew Carnegie built his first public library in Braddock, and professional football in America was born on the North side—Pudge Heffelfinger was the first paid football player in 1892.
Pittsburgh engineer, George Ferris, built a gigantic revolving wheel for Chicago’s 1893 Columbian Exposition in an attempt to eclipse the Eiffel Tower.
H. J. Heinz pioneered the marketing of ketchup which had been inspired by a sauce from China, and other packaged foods.
The Pittsburgh Pirates hosted the first Baseball World Series in 1903.
A Pittsburgher invented a popular dessert, the banana split. Another built the first movie theater and the first gas station.
In 1909, Forbes Field became the first steel and concrete sports stadium in the world.
In 1919, Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Tech) graduated its first Ph.D.; a Chinese civil engineer from Jiangsu Province named Mao Yisheng.
Pittsburgh printed the first road map for motorists, and Pittsburghers heard the first radio broadcast of phonograph records, and KDKA—the first commercial radio station—also broadcast the first presidential election, first baseball game, and first church service.
In 1924, the “Liberty Tubes” took the honors as the World’s longest artificially ventilated automobile tunnel.
The following year, Pittsburgher Calbraith Rodgers flew his airplane (a Wright Flyer) from coast to coast—the first transcontinental flight in history.
The Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh was the first University Skyscraper.
Isaly’s introduced the Klondike bar in 1929, and in the 1930s manufacturers could not get enough of the new “Allegheny metal”— also known as stainless steel.
Chatham Village became the first low-cost planned community and in 1937 Kenny Clarke pioneered Bebop music.
Pittsburghers invented the Zippo lighter, the Ice Capades, and the Jeep—all American originals.
During World War II Pittsburgh produced millions of tons of steel and weapons that helped America and its allies defeat the Japanese in Asia and the Pacific.
In the 1950’s, Jonas Salk developed his polio vaccine here, the Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) built the first aluminum skyscraper, and in 1954, WQED became the first community owned educational television station—home to a popular childrens show, Mr. Rodgers neighborhood.
The first atomic submarine and first atomic-powered electric plant powered up in Pittsburgh just in time for the city’s 200th anniversary in 1958 (Wuhan is, of course, the home of the first Chinese atomic submarine).
The Civic Arena, the world’s first retractable dome stadium, was also dedicated as a 200th anniversary project.
Pittsburgh introduced the first pull-tab on cans in 1962 and the Big Mac a few years later.
Pittsburghers prefabricated and erected the stainless steel St. Louis “Gateway Arch.”
The first Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) program began here.
The world’s first sky ballet was performed over Pittsburgh’s three rivers.
With the publication of the book Silent Spring in 1962, Rachel Carson helped launch the modern environmental movement and Pittsburgh pioneered clean air legislation.
The world’s first picture phone call came from Pittsburgh in 1970, and Mr. Yuk (who protects children from poison) was born here.
Carnegie Mellon University founded the first Robotics Institute in the world, and, in 1980, the emoticon (a Pittsburgh innovation) smiled across the internet.
By the 1980s, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) doctors pioneered advances in defibrillation and organ transplantation, including the first simultaneous heart/liver/kidney transplant. Today 30% of the world’s transplants are performed in Pittsburgh and many Chinese researchers work in Pittsburgh.
The Chinese invented fireworks centuries ago but Pittsburgh’s Zambelli Fireworks was the first to use computers to coordinate their shows.
In 1992 Pittsburgh christened “Robot Rx” – the first automated prescription machine, and in 2002 “Grace” became the first socially skilled robot.
Medical breakthroughs enabled fetal heart surgery, reactive contact lenses, and even a prosthetic device for eye blinking.
No longer a smokey industrial city, Pittsburgh became the “Greenest” city in America when the David Lawrence Convention Center came on line as a Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) certified building—Chinese technology was incorporated in the walls of this futuristic building.
Iron City Beer introduced insulated aluminum bottles and Pittsburgh scientists pioneered nanotechnology.
In 2004 researchers used the first-ever 3-D protein patch to repair living tissue.
Today Pittsburgh scientists and surgeons are making medical advances in genetics, brain surgery, dialysis, and organ transplantation while Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) robots can now detect life on other planets and navigate trackless deserts.
During the industrial revolution Pittsburgh became a vital center for manufacturing, ideas, and capital. But in the 1980s hard times came to Western Pennsylvania as steel making and other traditional industries declined. The region re-invented itself emphasizing clean industry—material science, medicine, robotics, nanotechnology, information technology (IT), electro-optics, alternative energy, and financial services. It is noteworthy that exports to China have increased by 15% in recent years, making China the fourth largest market for Pittsburgh goods and services. Just last week, Westinghouse announced that it will be constructing new nuclear power plants in China. Today Pittsburgh is known for its rich arts and cultural institutions and cultural tourism is a major source of revenue and pride.
No longer the “smokey city” of the past—but, rather, one of the “greenest” cities in America. Pittsburgh now focuses its attention on “quality of life” for its residents. Pittsburgh was recently named the “Most Livable City in America.” More than 5,000 product manufacturers in Pennsylvania employ hundreds of thousands of people in a growing “green” economy.
Pittsburgh’s history pales when compared to China’s rich past—but on the occasion of our city’s 250th anniversary, we are honored to share some of our past successes with you and are delighted to come to China to learn and together work for a better future.
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